An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata®
From Research Design to Final Report

Second Edition

Other Titles in:
Econometrics | Political Science Statistics | Quantitative/Statistical Research (General)

January 2025 | 384 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc

An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata®: From Research Design to Final Report, Second Edition provides an integrated approach to research methods, statistics and data analysis, and interpretation of results in Stata. Drawing on their combined 25 years of experience teaching statistics and research methods, authors Lisa Daniels and Nicholas Minot frame data analysis within the research process—identifying gaps in the literature, examining the theory, developing research questions, designing a questionnaire or using secondary data, analyzing the data, and writing a research paper—so readers better understand the context of data analysis. Throughout, the text focuses on documenting and communicating results so students can produce a finished report or article by the end of their courses.

The Second Edition has been thoroughly updated with all new articles and data—including coverage of ChatGPT, COVID-19 policies, and SAT scores—to demonstrate the relevance of data analysis for students. A new chapter on advanced methods in regression analysis allows instructors to better feature these important techniques. Stata code has been updated to the latest version, and new exercises throughout offer more chances for practice.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I • The Research Process And Data Collection

Chapter 1 • A Brief Overview of the Research Process

1.1 Introduction

1.2 What Is Research

1.3 Steps In The Research Process

1.4 Conclusion

Exercises

Chapter 2 • Sampling Techniques

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Sample Design

2.3 Selecting A Sample

2.4 Sampling Weights

Exercises

Chapter 3 • Questionnaire Design

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Types Of Questionnaires

3.3 Guidelines For Questionnaire Design

3.4 Recording Responses

3.5 Skip Patterns

3.6 Ethical Issues

Exercises

Part II • Describing Data

Chapter 4 • An Introduction to Stata

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Opening Stata And Stata Windows

4.3 Working With Existing Data

4.4 Setting Preferences In Stata

4.5 Entering Your Own Data Into Stata

4.6 Using Log Files And Saving Your Work

4.7 Getting Help

4.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 5 • Preparing and Transforming Your Data

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Checking For Outliers

5.3 Creating New Variables

5.4 Missing Values In Stata

5.5 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 6 • Descriptive Statistics

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Types Of Variables And Measurement

6.3 Descriptive Statistics For All Types Of Variables: Frequency Tables And Modes

6.4 Descriptive Statistics For Variables Measured As Ordinal, Interval, And Ratio Scales: Median And Percentiles

6.5 Descriptive Statistics For Continuous Variables: Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, And Coefficient Of Variation

6.6 Descriptive Statistics For Categorical Variables Measured On A Nominal Or Ordinal Scale: Cross Tabulation

6.7 Applying Sampling Weights

6.8 Formatting Output For Use In A Document (Word, Google Docs, Etc.)

6.9 Graphs To Describe Data

6.10 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Part III • Testing Hypotheses

Chapter 7 • The Normal Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Statistical Significance

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The Normal Distribution And Standard Scores

7.3 Sampling Distributions And Standard Errors

7.4 Examining The Theory And Identifying The Research Question And Hypothesis

7.5 Testing For Statistical Significance Between A Sample Mean And A Population Mean

7.6 Rejecting Or Not Rejecting The Null Hypothesis

7.7 Interpreting The Results

7.8 Central Limit Theorem

7.9 Presenting The Results

7.10 Comparing A Sample Proportion To A Population Proportion

7.11 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 8 • Testing a Hypothesis About a Single Mean and a Single Proportion

8.1 Introduction

8.2 When To Use The One-Sample t Test

8.3 Calculating The One-Sample t Test

8.4 Conducting A One-Sample t Test

8.5 Interpreting The Output

8.6 Presenting The Results

8.7 Estimating A Population Proportion From A Sample Proportion

8.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 9 • Testing a Hypothesis About Two Independent Means

9.1 Introduction

9.2 When To Use A Two Independentsamples t Test

9.3 Calculating The t Statistic

9.4 Conducting A t Test

9.5 Interpreting The Output

9.6 Presenting The Results

9.7 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 10 • One-Way Analysis of Variance

10.1 Introduction

10.2 When To Use One-Way ANOVA

10.3 Calculating The F Ratio

10.4 Conducting A One-Way ANOVA Test

10.5 Interpreting The Output

10.6 Is One Mean Different or are all of Them Different?

10.7 Presenting The Results

10.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 11 • Comparing Categorical Variables – The Chi-Squared Test and Proportions

11.1 Introduction

11.2 When To Use The Chi-Squared Test

11.3 Calculating The Chi-Square Statistic

11.4 Conducting A Chi-Squared Test

11.5 Interpreting The Output

11.6 Presenting The Results

11.7 Comparing Proportions Or Binary Categorical Variables

11.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Part IV • Exploring Relationships

Chapter 12 • Linear Regression Analysis

12.1 Introduction

12.2 When To Use Regression Analysis

12.3 Correlation

12.4 Simple Regression Analysis

12.5 Multiple Regression Analysis

12.6 Presenting The Results

12.7 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 13 • Regression Diagnostics

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Measurement Error

13.3 Specification Error

13.4 Multicollinearity

13.5 Heteroscedasticity

13.6 Endogeneity

13.7 Nonnormality

13.8 Presenting The Results

13.9 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 14 • Regression Analysis with Binary Dependent Variables

14.1 Introduction

14.2 When To Use Logit Or Probit Analysis

14.3 Understanding The Logit Model

14.4 Running A Logit Model

14.5 Interpreting The Results Of A Logit Model

14.6 Logit Versus Probit Regression Models

14.7 Presenting The Results

14.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Chapter 15 • Introduction to Advanced Topics in Regression Analysis

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Regression With A Categorical Dependent Variable

15.3 Instrumental Variables Regression

15.4 Regression With Time-Series Data

15.5 Regression That Combines Cross-Section And Time-Series Data

15.6 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter

Exercises

Part V • Writing A Research Paper

Chapter 16 • Writing a Research Paper

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Introduction Section Of A Research Paper

16.3 Literature Review

16.4 Theory, Data, And Methods

16.5 Results

16.6 Discussion

16.7 Conclusions

Exercises

Appendices

Appendix 1 • Quick Reference Guide to Stata Commands

Appendix 2 • Summary of Statistical Tests by Chapter

Appendix 3 • Decision Tree for Choosing the Right Statistic

Appendix 4 • Decision Rules for Statistical Significance

Appendix 5 • Areas Under the Normal Curve (Z Scores)

Appendix 6 • Critical Values of the t Distribution

Appendix 7 • Stata Code for Random Sampling

Appendix 8 • Examples of Nonlinear Functions

Appendix 9 • Estimating the Minimum Sample Size

Appendix 10 Description of the Data Sets Used in the Textbook

Glossary

About the Authors

Index

Supplements

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The online resources for your text are available via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site, which offers access to all text specific resources, including a test bank, data sets, answer keys to exercises and homework problems, sample study guides, sample syllabus and course calendar, and tips for managing the grading load.

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Author-created slides are available directly from the authors. To request these slides, please contact Lisa Daniels at LDaniels2@washcoll.edu or Nicholas Minot at N.Minot@gmail.com. These slides include smaller font sizes and provide more detailed information on each slide.

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From Research Design to Final Report

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