PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
PART I. CRIMINAL JUSTICE AS A SYSTEM: THE BASICS
Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Criminal Justice: Essential Themes and Practices
Foundations of Criminal Justice: Legal and Historical Bases
Crime Control and Due Process: Do Ends Justify Means?
Discretion: Making and Applying the Law
The Criminal Justice Process: An Overview of Flow and Functions
The Wedding Cake Model of Criminal Justice
Ethics Throughout the Criminal Justice System
Chapter 2. Foundations of Law and Crime: Nature, Elements, and Measurement
Common Law and Its Progeny
Modern-Day Sources and Hierarchy of Law
Substantive and Procedural Law
Essential Elements: Mens Rea and Actus Reus
Felonies and Misdemeanors
Offense Definitions and Categories
Measuring Crime and Victimization
Chapter 3. Ethical Essentials: Doing Right When No One Is Watching
Good Examples of Bad Examples
Philosophical Foundations
“Random Acts of Kindness”: The Hidden Side of Police Work
Ethical Conduct of Federal Employees
Ethics Tests for the Criminal Justice Student
PART II. THE POLICE
Chapter 4. Police Organization: Structure and Functions
English and Colonial Roots: An Overview
Policing Comes to the United States
Local Agencies: Municipal Police Departments and Sheriff’s Offices
Interested in a Career? Some General Considerations
On Guard: The Private Police
Chapter 5. Police Training, Patrolling, Investigating: Forming, Reforming, and Solving
From Citizen to Patrol Officer
Having the “Right Stuff”: Defining the Role
Community Policing and Problem Solving
Use of Force: A Sacred Trust
From Patrol Officer to Detective: The Work of Forensics and Investigators
Chapter 6. Expounding The Constitution: Laws of Arrest, Search, and Seizure
PART III. THE COURTS
Chapter 7. Court Organization: Structure, Functions, and the Trial Process
American Courts: A Dual Court System
Making Preparations: Pretrial Processes
Technologies in the Courts
Chapter 8. The Bench and The Bar: Those Who Judge, Prosecute, and Defend
Those Who Would Be Judges: Selection Methods and Issues
Judges’ Benefits, Training, and Challenges
The Art of Judging, Courtroom Civility, and Judicial Misconduct
Chapter 9. Court Methods and Challenges: Sentencing and Punishment
Types of Sentences to Be Served
Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances
PART IV. CORRECTIONS
Chapter 10. Prisons and Jails: Structure and Function
Correctional Facilities as Organizations
State Prisons as Organizations
Technologies in Correctional Facilities: Going After Contraband
Chapter 11. Corrections in the Community: Probation, Parole, and Other Alternatives to Incarceration
Why Alternatives to Incarceration?
Origins of Probation and Parole
Probation and Parole Today
Functions of Probation and Parole Officers
Other Alternatives: Intermediate Sanctions
Confronting Recidivists: The Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model
PART V. EXTRAORDINARY PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
Chapter 12. On the Crime Policy and Prevention Agenda: Drug Abuse, Sex Trafficking, Terrorism, and Immigration
Immigration: Who Should be Coming to America?
ASSESS YOUR AWARENESS ANSWERS
GLOSSARY
NOTES
INDEX