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Environmental Corrections
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Environmental Corrections
A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community



November 2015 | 216 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc

A new paradigm for supervising offenders in the community

 

Environmental Corrections is an innovative guide filled with rich insights and strategies for probation and parole officers to effectively integrate offenders back into the community and reduce recidivism. Authors Lacey Schaefer, Francis T. Cullen, and John E. Eck move beyond traditional models for interventions and build directly on the applied focus of environmental criminology theories. Using this approach, the authors answer the question of what officers can do to decrease opportunities for an offender to commit a crime. Readers will learn how to recognize and assess specific criminal opportunities in an offender’s past and gain the tools and strategies they need to design an individualized supervision plan that channels offenders away from these criminogenic situations.



 
Chapter 1: Why Offender Supervision Does Not Work
The Invention of Probation and Parole: Treatment and Control

 
The Limited Effectiveness of Offender Supervision

 
Why Treatment Does Not Work

 
Why Control Does Not Work

 
Conclusion: A New Paradigm for Offender Supervision

 
 
Chapter 2: Why Opportunity Matters
The Evolution of Crime Science

 
Crime Science and Opportunity Reduction

 
Conclusion: Opportunity-Reduction Supervision

 
 
Chapter 3: How to Supervise Offenders
Current Offender Supervision Practices

 
Introduction to Environmental Corrections Supervision

 
Identifying Exposure to Crime Opportunities

 
Considering Gender

 
Creating the Offender’s Case Plan

 
Modifying the Offender’s Case Plan

 
Graduated Consequences

 
Earned Discharge and Aftercare

 
 
Chapter 4: Developing Offender Supervision Technology
Offender Assessment and Classification

 
Identifying Opportunities for Crime

 
Opportunity-Reduction Case Plans

 
 
Chapter 5: Getting Offenders to Think Right
Reducing Propensity

 
Opportunity Resistance

 
Opportunity Avoidance

 
 
Chapter 6: How the Police Can Help
Increasing the Supervision of Offenders

 
Increasing the Supervision of Targets and Places

 
Increasing the Surveillance by Crime Controllers

 
 
Chapter 7: Making Offender Supervision Work
Lesson #1: Punishment Does Not Work Well

 
Lesson #2: Reducing Crime Opportunities Reduces Crime

 
Lesson #3: Environmental Corrections Can Reduce Crime Opportunities

 
Lesson #4: Crime Opportunities Must Be Assessed

 
Lesson #5: Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques Can Help

 
Lesson #6: The Police Make Excellent Community Corrections Partners

 
Lesson #7: Research Is Needed

 
Lesson #8: Opportunity-Reduction Supervision Can Work

 

Sample Materials & Chapters

Chapter 1

Chapter 3


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