The American Journal of Sports Medicine
An invaluable resource for the orthopaedic sports medicine community, The American Journal of Sports Medicine is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, first published in 1972. It is the official publication of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM)! The journal acts as an important forum for independent orthopaedic sports medicine research and education, allowing clinical practitioners the ability to make decisions based on sound scientific information.
This journal is a must-read for:
- Orthopaedic Surgeons and Specialists
- Sports Medicine Physicians
- Physiatrists
- Athletic Trainers
- Team Physicians
- And Physical Therapists
Topics covered include:
- ACL – injury & reconstruction
- Arthroscopic techniques
- Basic science relevant to clinical sports medicine, including the subjects of anatomy, biomechanics, and cell biology
- Children & adolescents
- Degenerative Joint Disease
- Epidemiology of sports injuries
- Female athletes
- Imaging studies
- Surgical techniques for the knee, shoulder, elbow, and ankle
- Specific injuries including shoulder, knee and meniscus subjects
- Rehabilitation & training
- Sport specific subjects such as soccer, baseball and football issues
- Treatment techniques
This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
The American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM)
As a world leader in sports medicine education, research, communication and fellowship, The AOSSM is a national organization of orthopaedic surgeons specializing in sports medicine, including national and international sports medicine leaders. The AOSSM works closely with many other sports medicine specialists and clinicians, including family physicians, emergency physicians, pediatricians, athletic trainers and physical therapists, to improve the identification, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of sports injuries.
Formed in 1972 primarily as a forum for education and research, the AOSSM has grown from its modest initial membership of fewer than 100 to close to 3,000.
Through research and advances in surgical and rehabilitation techniques, orthopaedic sports medicine specialists have been able to treat and rehabilitate athletes whose injuries were once career-ending and put them back in the game. Members must demonstrate continuing active research and educational activities in the field of sports medicine. Such activities may include service as a team physician at any level of competition, educating persons involved with the health of athletes, service to local, regional, national and international competitions, and the presentation of scientific research papers at sports medicine meetings.
The unifying interest of the membership is their concern with the effects of exercise and the monitoring of its impact on active individuals of all ages, abilities and levels of fitness.
Visit www.aossm.org for more information.
The American Journal of Sports Medicine, founded in 1972, is the official publication of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. It contains original articles addressed to orthopaedic surgeons specializing in sports medicine, and to team physicians, athletic trainers, and physical therapists focusing on the causes and effects of injury or disease resulting from or affected by athletic injury.
| Bruce Reider, MD | University of Chicago, AOSSM, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| Daniel C. Wascher, MD | University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA |
| Timothy Foster, MD | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Bert R. Mandelbaum, MD | Santa Monica, CA, USA |
| Brett D. Owens, MD | Providence, Rhode Island, USA |
| Braden C. Fleming, PhD | Providence, Rhode Island, USA |
| James L. Carey, MD, MPH | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Andrea M. Spiker, MD | Madison, Wisconsin, USA |
| Scott A. Rodeo, MD | New York, New York, USA |
| David C. Landy, MD, PhD | Lexington, Kentucky, USA |
| Theodore J. Ganley, MD | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Robert E. Leach, MD; 1991-2001 | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Jack C. Hughston, MD; 1972-1990 | Columbus, Georgia, USA |
| Stephen F. Brockmeier, MD | Charlottesville, Virginia, USA |
| Charles A. Bush-Joseph, MD, Chair | Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| Lutul D. Farrow, MD | Cleveland, Ohio, USA |
| Frank Winston Gwathmey Jr, MD | Charlottesville, Virginia, USA |
| Mark D. Miller, MD | Charlottesville, Virginia, USA |
| Martha Meaney Murray, MD | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Bruce Reider, MD | University of Chicago, AOSSM, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| Kurt P. Spindler, MD | Cleveland, Ohio, USA |
| Beth Shubin Stein, MD | New York, New York, USA |
| Dean C. Taylor, MD | Durham, North Carolina, USA |
| Edward M. Wojtys, MD | Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA |
| Donna Tilton, ELS | Senior Editorial and Production Manager |
| Tere Hostetler | Editorial Administrator |
| Paul W. Ackermann, MD, PhD | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Ryuichiro Akagi, MD, PhD | Chiba, Japan |
| John P. Albright, MD | Iowa City, Iowa, USA |
| Louis C. Almekinders, MD | Durham, North Carolina, USA |
| Annunziato Amendola, MD | Durham, North Carolina, USA |
| Christian N. Anderson, MD | Nashville, Tennessee, USA |
| Kyle Anderson, MD | Southfield, Michigan, USA |
| Jack T. Andrish, MD | Cleveland, Ohio, USA |
| Michael Angeline, MD | Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, USA |
| Elizabeth A. Arendt, MD | Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA |
| Rafael Arriaza Loureda, MD, PhD | A Coruña, Spain |
| Michael Askew, PhD | Akron, Ohio, USA |
| Juan D. Ayala, MD, PhD | Madrid, Spain |
| Olufemi R. Ayeni, MD, PhD | Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
| Frederick M. Azar, MD | Memphis, Tennessee, USA |
| Clara Azevedo, MD | Lisboa, Portugal |
| Champ Baker III, MD | Columbus, Georgia, USA |
| Bjorn Barenius, MD, PhD | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Johannes Robert Hermann Barth, MD | Grenoble, France |
| Phillipe Beaufils, MD | Le Chesnay, France |
| Knut Beitzel, MD | München, Germany |
| Paulo Santoro Belangero, MD, PhD | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Jillian E. Beveridge, PhD | Providence, Rhode Island, USA |
| Bruce D. Beynnon, PhD | Burlington, Vermont, USA |
| Tahsin Beyzadeoglu, MD | Istanbul, Turkey |
| Meaghan E. Bishop, MD | Tarrytown, New York, USA |
| Barry P. Boden, MD | Rockville, Maryland, USA |
| Berte Bøe, MD, PhD | Oslo, Norway |
| Ionna K. Bolia, MD, MS, PhD | Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Matthew Brick, MBChB, FRACS(Ortho) | Auckland, New Zealand |
| Robert H. Brophy, MD | St. Louis, Missouri, USA |
| Charles H. Brown, Jr., MD | Minnesota State University, USA |
| Charles A. Bush-Joseph, MD, Chair | Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| Gianluca Camillieri, MD | Rome, Italy |
| Michael R. Carmont, MBBS, FRCS(Tr&Ortho) | Telford, UK |
| James E. Carpenter, MD | Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA |
| Etienne Cavaignac, MD, PhD | Toulouse, France |
| Chih-Hwa Chen, MD | Taipei, Taiwan |
| Shiyi Chen, MD, PhD | Shanghai, China |
| Moises Cohen, MD | Sao Paulo, Brazil |
| Steven Brad Cohen, MD | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| John E. Conway, MD | Ft. Worth, Texas, USA |
| Ziad Dahabreh, MBBS, MSc, FRCS(Tr&Orth) | Amman, Jordan |
| Derik L. Davis, MD | Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| Louis E. DeFrate, PhD | Durham, North Carolina, USA |
| Dinesh Dhanaraj, MD, MSPH | Langhorne, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Jonathan F. Dickens, MD | Bethesda, Maryland, USA |
| Lee H. Diehl, MD | Durham, North Carolina, USA |
| Ron L. Diercks, MD | Groningen, the Netherlands |
| Patrick J. Djian, MD | Paris, France |
| Christopher C. Dodson, MD | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Jason L. Dragoo, MD | Redwood City, California, USA |
| Matej Drobnic, MD, PhD | Ljubljana, Slovenia |
| Lars Engebretsen, MD, PhD | Oslo, Norway |
| Pieter J. Erasmus, MBChB, MMed (ortho) | Stellenbosch, South Africa |
| Douglas A. Evans, MD | Maywood, Illinois, USA |
| Paul Fadale, MD | Providence, Rhode Island, USA |
| Lutul D. Farrow, MD | Cleveland, Ohio, USA |
| Julian A. Feller, FRACS | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Giuseppe Filardo, MD, PhD | Bologna, Italy |
| Donald C. Fithian, MD | Torrey Pines Orthopaedic Medical Group, San Diego, California, USA |
| Cristian A. Fontbote, MD | Santiago, Chile |
| Lisa A. Fortier, DVM, PhD | Ithaca, New York, USA |
| Michael Thomas Freehill, MD | Stanford, California, USA |
| James Warner Genuario, MD, MS | Lone Tree, Colorado, USA |
| Alan M.J. Getgood, MD, FRCS | London, Ontario, Canada |
| Deepak Goyal, MBBS, MS, DNB | Ahmedabad, India |
| Mark D. Grabiner, PhD | Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| Sharon L. Hame, MD | Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Michael Elias Hantes, MD | Larisa, Greece |
| Christopher D. Harner, MD | Houston, Texas, USA |
| Richard J. Hawkins, MD | Greenville, South Carolina, USA |
| Iftach Hetsroni, MD | Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel |
| Lena Hirtler, MA, MD, PhD | Vienna, Austria |
| Yuichi Hoshino, MD, PhD | Kobe, Japan |
| Yinghui Hua, MD, PhD | Shanghai, China |
| Christophe Hulet, MD | Caen, France |
| Mark R. Hutchinson, MD | Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| Omer A. Ilahi, MD | Houston, Texas, USA |
| Andreas B. Imhoff, MD | Munich, Germany |
| Eivind Inderhaug, MD, MPH, PhD | Boenes, Norway |
| Michael Ilias Iosifidis, MD, PhD | Thessaloniki, Greece |
| Eiji Itoi, MD, PhD | Sendai, Japan |
| Timo Jaakko Jarvela, MD, PhD | Helsinki, Finland |
| Andrew Esteban Jimenez, MD | Trumbull, Connecticut, USA |
| David Paul Johnson, MD, FRCSC(Orth) | Bristol, UK |
| Robert J. Johnson, MD | Burlington, Vermont, USA |
| Grant Lloyd Jones, MD | Columbus, Ohio, USA |
| Kristofer Jones, MD | Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Jay Vinodrai Kalawadia, MD | Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Mustafa Karahan, MD | Istanbul, Turkey |
| Jakub Kautzner, MD, PhD | Prague, Czech Republic |
| Susan L. Keays, BSc, BA(Hons), PhD | Nambour, Australia |
| Keith Kenter, MD | Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA |
| Erica Kholinne, MD, PhD | Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Miguel A. Khoury, MD | Hudson, Argentina |
| Ata Kiapour, PhD | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Jin Goo Kim, MD, PhD | Seoul, Korea |
| Seung-Ho Kim, MD, PhD | Seoul, Korea |
| Donald T. Kirkendall, PhD | Cary, North Carolina, USA |
| Christoph Kittl, PhD | London, UK |
| Elizaveta Kon, MD | Milano, Italy |
| Thomas J. Kremen, MD | Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Aaron J. Krych, MD | Rochester, Minnesota, USA |
| Adam Kwapisz, MD, PhD | Lodz, Poland |
| Robert F. LaPrade | Edina, Minnesota, USA |
| Mario Victor Larrain, MD | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Daniel Latt, MD, PhD | Tucson, Arizona, USA |
| Lance E. LeClere, MD | Arnold, Maryland, USA |
| Yee Han Dave Lee, MBBS, Mmed(Ortho), FRCS (Trauma & Ortho) | Singapore, Singapore |
| Steven D. Levin, MD | Skokie, Illinois, USA |
| Xinning Li, MD | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Paulo Jose Llinás, MD | Cali, Columbia |
| Olaf Lorbach, MD, PhD | Lorsch, Germany |
| Lisa Jean Lovse, MD | Canmore, Alberta, Canada |
| C. Benjamin Ma, MD | San Francisco, CA, USA |
| Krishna Mallik, MD | Scottsdale, Arizona, USA |
| Michael Maloney, MD | Rochester, New York, USA |
| Ajay Malviya, PhD, FRCS | Ashington, UK |
| David F. Martin, MD | Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA |
| David R. McAllister, MD | Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Eric C. McCarty, MD | Boulder, Colorado, USA |
| Ian D. McDermott, MBBS, MS, FRCS | London, UK |
| Edward R. McDevitt, MD | Arnold, Maryland, USA |
| Edward McFarland, MD | Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| Timothy J. McMeniman, MBBS FRACS | Brisbane, Australia |
| Molly Meadows, MD | Redwood City, California, USA |
| Jacques Menetrey, MD | Geneva, Switzerland |
| Antonio C. Miguel, MD | Mexico City, Mexico |
| Bruce S. Miller, MD | Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA |
| Mark D. Miller, MD | Charlottesville, Virginia, USA |
| Robert H. Miller, MD | Memphis, Tennessee, USA |
| Peter J. Millett, MD | Vail, Colorado, USA |
| Mary Mulcahey, MD | New Orleans, Louisiana, USA |
| Volker Musahl, MD | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Norimasa Nakamura, MD, PhD | Osaka, Japan |
| Jeffrey J. Nepple, MD | St. Louis, Missouri, USA |
| Joseph T. Nguyen, MPH | HSS, New York, NY, USA |
| Yuichiro Nishizawa, MD, PhD | Kobe, Japan |
| Michael A. Oberlander, MD | Walnut Creek, California, USA |
| Joo Han Oh, MD, PhD | Seongnam, Republic of Korea |
| Sam Oussedik, BSc, MBBS, FRCS(Tr&Orth) | London, UK |
| Nirav K. Pandya, MD | Oakland, California, USA |
| David A. Parker, MBBS (Hons), B Med, Sci, FRACS | Sydney, Australia |
| Lonnie E. Paulos, MD | Salt Lake City, Utah, USA |
| Crystal A. Perkins, MD | Atlanta, Georgia, USA |
| Mark J. Philippon, MD | Vail, Colorado, USA |
| Halit Pinar, MD | Izmir, Turkey |
| Nicolas Pujol, MD | Le Chesnay, France |
| Anil Ranawat, MD | New York, New York, USA |
| Per A. Renstrom, MD, PhD | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Luciano Rossi, PhD | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Derek Rutherford, PT, PhD | Halifax, Canada |
| Marc R. Safran, MD | Stanford, California, USA |
| Hatem G. Said, MD, FRCSI | Assiut, Egypt |
| Kristin L. Sainani, PhD | Stanford, California, USA |
| Adnan Saithna, MBChB, MSc, BMedSci, Dip SEM | Scottsdale, Arizona, USA |
| Eric Samuelson, MD | Omaha, Nebraska, USA |
| Sven U. Scheffler, MD | Berlin, Germany |
| Robert C. Schenck Jr, MD | Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA |
| Matthew R. Schmitz, MD | San Diego, California, USA |
| Timothy C. Sell, PhD | Durham, North Carolina, USA |
| Robert M. Shalvoy, MD | Providence, Rhode Island, USA |
| K. Donald Shelbourne, MD | Indianapolis, Indiana, USA |
| Margaret Smith, PhD | St. Leonards, Australia |
| Gary S. Solomon, PhD | Nashville, Tennessee, USA |
| Charles C. Stroud, MD | Troy, Michigan, USA |
| Michael J. Stuart, MD | Rochester, Minnesota, USA |
| Yoshitsugu Takeda, MD, PhD | Komatsushima, Japan |
| Miho Jean Tanaka, MD | Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| Laura Timmerman, MD | Walnut Creek, California, USA |
| Vehniah K. Tjong, MD | Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| Marc Tompkins, MD | Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA |
| Pedro Javier Tort-Saade, MD | San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Bruce C. Twaddle, MBChB, FRACS | Auckland, New Zealand |
| Samuel K. Van de Velde, MD, MPH, PhD | Leiden, Netherlands |
| Michael L. Voight, DHSc | Nashville, Tennessee, USA |
| Dharmesh Vyas, MD, PhD | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA |
| William Robert Walsh, PhD | Randwick, NSW, Australia |
| David Wasserstein, MD, MSc | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Kate E. Webster, PhD | Bundoora, Australia |
| Robert W. Westermann, MD | Iowa City, Iowa |
| Bryan J. Whitfield, MD | Decatur, Georgia, USA |
| Thomas L. Wickiewicz, MD | New York, New York, USA |
| Richard M. Wilk, MD | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Andy Williams, MB, BS, FRCS, FRCS(Orth), FFSEM(UK) | London, UK |
| Ivan Ho-Bun Wong, MD, FRCS(C) | Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada |
| Kazunori Yasuda, MD, PhD | Sapporo, Japan |
| WP Yau, MBBS, FRCSE, FHKCOS, FHKAM | Hong Kong, Hong Kong |
| Yi-Meng Yen, MD, PhD | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Jae Chul Yoo, MD, PhD | Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| Alan Zhang, MD | San Francisco, California, USA |
| Ryuichiro Akagi, MD, PhD | Chiba, Japan |
| Michael Angeline, MD | Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, USA |
| Clara Azevedo, MD | Lisboa, Portugal |
| Knut Beitzel, MD | München, Germany |
| Paulo Santoro Belangero, MD, PhD | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Berte Bøe, MD, PhD | Oslo, Norway |
| Ziad Dahabreh, MBBS, MSc, FRCS(Tr&Orth) | Amman, Jordan |
| Jonathan F. Dickens, MD | Bethesda, Maryland, USA |
| Eivind Inderhaug, MD, MPH, PhD | Boenes, Norway |
| Kristofer Jones, MD | Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Thomas J. Kremen, MD | Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Xinning Li, MD | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Mary Mulcahey, MD | New Orleans, Louisiana, USA |
| Miho Jean Tanaka, MD | Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| David Wasserstein, MD, MSc | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Kate E. Webster, PhD | Bundoora, Australia |
| Robert W. Westermann, MD | Iowa City, Iowa |
| Ivan Ho-Bun Wong, MD, FRCS(C) | Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada |
| Allen F. Anderson, MD | deceased |
| Steven P. Arnoczky, DVM | East Lansing, Michigan, USA |
| Alfred Atanda, MD | Wilmington, Delaware, USA |
| Champ L. Baker, Jr., MD | Columbus, Georgia, USA |
| James Baldwin, MD | Portland, Oregon, USA |
| Marlene DeMaio, MD | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Hua Feng, MD, PhD | Beijing, China |
| Cyril B. Frank, MD | deceased |
| Freddie H. Fu | deceased |
| William E. Garrett Jr., MD, PhD | deceased |
| James G. Garrick, MD | San Francisco, Calfornia, USA |
| Pablo E. Gelber, MD, PhD | Barcelona, Spain |
| Ben K. Graf, MD | Madison, Wisconsin, USA |
| Vojtech Havlas, MD, PhD | Prague, Czech Republic |
| Michael Hayes, MD | Orthopaedic Division, SPORTSMED·SA, 32 Payneham Road, Stepney, S Aus,5069, Australia |
| Stephen M. Howell, MD | Sacramento, California, USA |
| Markku Jarvinen, MD, PhD | Tampere, Finland |
| Dieter Kohn, MD | Homberg / Saar, Germany |
| Rene Marti, MD | deceased |
| John M. Marzo, MD | Buffalo, New York, USA |
| Keith Meister, MD | Gainesville, Florida, USA |
| Nicholas Mohtadi, MD, FRCS | Calgary, Canada |
| John W. Orchard, MD, PhD, FACSP | Kensington, Australia |
| Giancarlo Puddu, MD | Rome, Italy |
| Thomas Rosenberg, MD | Salt Lake City, Utah, USA |
| Mark E. Steiner, MD | deceased |
| Carol C. Teitz, MD | Seattle, Washington, USA |
| Steve Tippett, PhD, PT, SCS, ATC | Peoria, Illinois, USA |
| Savio L-Y. Woo, PhD | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA |
The editor of AJSM, Bruce Reider, can be contacted via email at breider@ajsm.org.
The American Journal of Sports Medicine (AJSM) is the official publication of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.
Submit manuscripts online at https://submit.ajsm.org.
Download the AJSM Submission Guidelines or see below.
Download the AJSM Ethics Policies.
AJSM offers optional open access publishing via the Sage Choice programme. For more information please visit the Sage Choice website. For information on funding body compliance, and depositing your article in repositories, please visit Sage Publishing Policies on our Journal Author Gateway. Please note that the Sage Choice article processing charge for AJSM is $4,000 USD.
This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
- Manuscript Submission Guidelines
- Submissions
- Authors
- Manuscript Formats
- Manuscript Preparation
4.1 Abstract
4.2 Study Designs
4.3 Text
4.4 Acknowledgment
4.5 References
4.6 Figures and Tables
4.7 Videos - Accepted Manuscripts
- NIH-Supported Studies
- Letters to the Editor
- Important Notice on Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement
1. Manuscript Submission Guidelines
Manuscripts must not be under simultaneous consideration by any other publication, before or during the peer-review process and cannot be uploaded to any preprint server. Papers presented at AOSSM meetings must be submitted to one of the AOSSM journals for first rights of refusal. Articles published in AJSM may not be published elsewhere without written permission from the publisher.
Manuscripts should cite any other work by one or more of the co-authors that is relevant to the subject matter of the current submission or that used any of the same subjects, animals, or specimens being reported in the current submission. This includes manuscripts that are currently under preparation, are being considered by journals, are accepted for publication, or already published. In any of these cases, the relationship to the current submission should be made clear.
The authors must declare the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), if applicable, in the performance of this study or the writing of the manuscript. If AI was used, the author must identify the program and describe in detail how the AI was used.
All review articles (such as systematic review, meta-analysis) submitted will be considered for the Current Concepts section. Authors with ideas for current concepts should contact the associate editor, Timothy Foster, MD, to find out if AJSM has recently published a review article on that topic or if there is a similar submission in progress. Contact Dr. Foster at tefoster@mgb.org to inquire about your idea or submit already completed papers directly to the journal at https://submit.ajsm.org.
Authors should register on our online submission site and link and verify their ORCID ID (see information below) at https://submit.ajsm.org to submit manuscripts.
When manuscripts have been received by the editorial office, the corresponding author will be sent an acknowledgment giving an assigned manuscript number, which should be used with all subsequent correspondence for anything related to that particular manuscript.
The following items are required on submission:
- Anonymized manuscript including the abstract and any tables and figures where they occur in the text. No identifying information should appear in the uploaded manuscript. Please remove author names, initials, and institutions. State or country names may be used, but do not include specific locations such as cities or regions.
- Journal Contributor Publishing Agreement and AJSM Author Disclosure Statement. These forms are available for download from the author area of the submission site. The corresponding author must complete the forms and return them to AJSM by email or upload them online as a PDF or Word file using the ‘‘upload legal documents’’ option. As an alternative to the AJSM disclosure form, authors may submit the ICMJE disclosure form along with the AJSM Supplemental Form available on our website.The AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (https:// openpaymentsdata.cms.gov). Any combined payments listed over $500/year from a single company should be included. Authors should include payments from the previous 5 years
- A copy of the IRB or other agency approval (or waiver) if animal subjects or human subjects or tissues or health information were used. Please see further instructions under "Text." This information should be uploaded with the disclosure and publishing forms and not as a supplemental file.
- Requirements for specific study types:
Randomized Controlled Trials. All clinical trials started after January 1, 2016 must prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov or a similar database recognized by the ICMJE to be considered for publication. See list of ICMJE acceptable registries at http://www.icmje.org/about-icmje/faqs/clinical-trials-registration/.The original study protocol for all registered clinical trials must be included and can be uploaded as a supplemental file. This information should be anonymized for peer review (remove author name and location as well as trial registration number). The protocol information from the registration site or the formal protocol for the study design are acceptable. Use of a CONSORT flow diagram is required to illustrate the grouping and flow of patients for all randomized clinical trials. The CONSORT checklist must also be completed and uploaded as a supplemental file.
Observational Studies. Cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies should include the CONSORT flow diagram in the paper. The STROBE checklist must also be completed and uploaded as a supplemental file.
Biologics Studies. Studies reporting the use of autologous blood-based therapies (such as platelet-rich plasma, autologous conditioned serum, autologous protein solution) or cell-based therapies (including autologous cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue and allogeneic cells) should include the Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopaedics (MIBO) checklist uploaded as a supplemental file.
Animal Studies. Studies involving live animals models should include the completed ARRIVE Guidelines checklist as a supplemental file.
Authors may be asked to supply full supporting data for their study. If the author refuses this request, the paper will be rejected without further review. Cover letter, acknowledgments, and suggested reviewers are optional. If a paper has more than 5 authors, a cover letter detailing the contributions of all authors should be included in the appropriate box on the submission page. Only those involved in writing the paper should be included in the author line. Others should be listed as a footnote or acknowledgment. While there is no limit on the number of authors, no more than 12 will be listed on the masthead of the published article; additional authors will be listed at the end of the article. These authors will be indexed in Index Medicus as full authors.
We strongly encourage all authors of the paper to link their ORCID ID to their accounts in our online submission system. ORCID provides a unique and persistent digital identifier that distinguishes researchers from every other researcher, even those who share the same name. Corresponding authors should confirm whether their coauthors would like to add an ORCID ID before submitting their manuscript to the journal. If your manuscript is accepted for publication, you will not be able to add an ORCID ID after the manuscript is sent to our production team. If you do not already have an ORCID ID please follow this link to create one.
If the named authors for a manuscript change at any point between submission and acceptance, an Authorship Change Form must be completed and digitally signed by all authors (including any added or removed). An addition of an author is only permitted following feedback raised during peer review. Completed forms can be uploaded at the Revision Submission stage or emailed to the Journal Editorial Office contact (info@ajsm.org).
IMPORTANT: Changes to the author by-line by adding or deleting authors are NOT permitted following acceptance of a paper.
Manuscript pages should be double-spaced with consecutive page numbers and continuous line numbers. The abstract should be included with the manuscript as well as being entered in the Metadata section (except for case reports, which do not require abstracts). Manuscripts should be 6000 words or fewer (including abstract and references). There are also limitations on figures, tables, and references; see guidelines below. The system handles most common word processing formats; however, Word is preferred.
Abstracts should summarize the contents of the article in 350 words or less. The abstract should be structured in the following format:
Background: In one or two sentences, summarize the scientific body of knowledge surrounding your study and how this led to your investigation.
Hypothesis/Purpose: State the theory(ies) that you are attempting to prove or disprove by your study or the purpose if no hypothesis exists.
Study Design: Identify the overall design of your study. See list below.
Methods: Succinctly summarize the overall methods you used in your investigation. Include the study population, type of intervention, method of data collection, and length of the study.
Results: Report the most important results of your study. Only include positive results that are statistically significant, or important negative results that are supported by adequate power. Report actual data, not just P values.
Conclusion: State the answer to your original question or hypothesis. Summarize the most important conclusions that can be directly drawn from your study.
Clinical Relevance: If yours was a laboratory study, describe its relevance to clinical sports medicine.
Key Terms: Include at least 4 key terms for indexing. When submitting an article, you will be asked to choose from a list of terms that are used for assigning reviewers. These terms can be used in the manuscript as well. The list can be found at https://submit.ajsm.org/submission/editexpertise.
What is known about the subject: Please state what is currently known about this subject to place your study in perspective for the reviewers.
What this study adds to existing knowledge: Please state what this study adds to the existing knowledge.
The last two items are for reviewers only and are not included in the word count, but should appear at the end of the abstract in the uploaded text.
Meta-analysis: A systematic overview of studies that pools results of two or more studies to obtain an overall answer to a question or interest. Summarizes quantitatively the evidence regarding a treatment, procedure, or association.
Systematic Review: An article that examines published material on a clearly described subject in a systematic way. There must be a description of how the evidence on this topic was tracked down, from what sources and with what inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: A group of patients is randomized into an experimental group and a control group. These groups are followed up for the variables / outcomes of interesilart. NOTE: All clinical trials started after January 1, 2016 must be prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov or a similar database recognized by the ICMJE to be considered for publication. See list of ICMJE-acceptable registries at http://www.icmje.org/about-icmje/ faqs/clinical-trials-registration/
Crossover Study Design: The administration of two or more experimental therapies one after the other in a specified or random order to the same group of patients.
Cohort Study: Involves identification of two groups (cohorts) of patients, one which did receive the exposure of interest, and one which did not, and following these cohorts forward for the outcome of interest.
Case-Control Study: A study that involves identifying patients who have the outcome of interest (cases) and patients without the same outcome (controls), and looking back to see if they had the exposure of interest.
Cross-Sectional Study: The observation of a defined population at a single point in time or time interval. Exposure and outcome are determined simultaneously.
Case Series: Describes characteristics of a group of patients with a particular disease or who have undergone a particular procedure. Design may be prospective or retrospective. No control group is used in the study, although the discussion may compare the results to other published outcomes.
Case Report: Similar to the case series, except that only one or a small group of cases is reported.
Descriptive Epidemiology Study: Observational study describing the injuries occurring in a particular sport.
Controlled Laboratory Study: An in vitro or in vivo investigation in which 1 group receiving an experimental treatment is compared to 1 or more groups receiving no treatment or an alternate treatment.
Descriptive Laboratory Study: An in vivo or in vitro study that describes characteristics such as anatomy, physiology, or kinesiology of a broad range of subjects or a specific group of interest. Authors should choose the design that best fits the study.
The Editor will make the final determination of the study design and level of evidence based on the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine guidelines.
In general, follow the standard IMRAD (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion) format for writing scientific articles. The author is responsible for all statements made in the work, including copyeditor changes, which the author will have an opportunity to verify. Authors with limited fluency in English should have the paper reviewed or edited by a native English speaker to ensure clear presentation of the work.
Papers including human or animal subjects must include a statement of approval by appropriate agencies in the text, and a copy of the approval letter must be uploaded with the submission. If approval was not required, authors must upload a waiver statement from the appropriate agency. Additionally, all studies with human subjects must include the date range for enrollment in the study. For retrospective studies, please include the date of treatment. For human cadaveric specimens, please provide source (eg, donation to university anatomy program) and state if permission was obtained for use. Additionally, all studies involving animals must conform to ARRIVE guidelines. If available, please include the source of animal joint or tissue specimens. For case reports, a letter from the patient granting permission for his/her information to be included in the publication is required.
Reports on surgery, except in rare instances, require a minimum follow-up of 2 years.
Use generic names of drugs or devices. If a particular brand was used in a study, insert the brand name along with the name and location of the manufacturer in parentheses after the generic name when the drug or device is first mentioned in the text.
Use metric units in measurements (centimeter vs inch, kilogram vs pound).
Abbreviations should be used sparingly. When abbreviations are used, give the full term followed by the abbreviation in parentheses the first time it is mentioned in the text, such as femur-ACL-tibia complex (FATC).
Use of a CONSORT flow diagram is required to illustrate the grouping and flow of patients in all randomized controlled trials and observational clinical studies.
Statistical methods should be described in detail. Actual P values should be used unless less than .001. Reporting of 95% confidence intervals is encouraged.
Type the acknowledgments in the box provided on the submission page; do not include it in the manuscript. This information will be added to the accepted manuscript at the time of publication. Give credit to technical assistants and professional colleagues who contributed to the quality of the paper but are not listed as authors. Please briefly describe the contributions made by persons being acknowledged. Note: anyone who has contributed to the preparation of the submitted text must be included on the author disclosure form, under Statement of Authorship, and his or her disclosures included there.
References should be double-spaced in alphabetical order and numbered according to alphabetical listing. Except for review articles, references should be limited to 60. If references are not in alphabetical order the uploaded file will be REJECTED and will have to be resubmitted with the references in the correct form. When author entries are the same, alphabetize by the first word of the title. In general, use the Index Medicus form for abbreviating journal titles and the AMA Manual of Style (11th ed) for format. Note: References must be retrievable. Do not include in the reference list meeting presentations that have not been published. Data such as presentations and articles that have been submitted for publication but have not been accepted must be put in the text as unpublished data immediately after mention of the information (for example, ‘‘Smith and Jones (unpublished data, 2000) noted ... ’’). Personal communications and other references to unpublished data are discouraged. For review purposes, unpublished references that are closely related to the submitted paper or are important for understanding it should be uploaded as supplemental files.
References will be linked to Medline citations for the reviewers. Authors can include articles that are in Epublish mode. To ensure that these Epub references are linked correctly, please provide the PMID number from Medline at the end of the reference. For example: Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH. Injury rates and mechanisms of injury in minor hockey. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Jul 21; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16861577
Figures and tables should appear in the body of the paper near the place where they are mentioned. High-resolution images should also be uploaded separately as Figure files. The figures and tables should be cited in numeric order in the text and should not exceed 3 journal pages. One journal page equals 1 large table or figure, 2 medium-sized tables or figures, or 4 small tables or figures. Medium-sized tables and figures will be a page width and half the length of the page; small tables and figures are 1-column width and take up half the length of the page or less.
Any material that is submitted with an article that has been reproduced from another source (that is, has been copyrighted previously) must conform to the current copyright regulations. It is the author’s responsibility to obtain written permission for reproduction of copyrighted material and provide the editorial office with that documentation before the material will be reproduced in the Journal.
All image files for figures should be labeled with the Figure number (label each part if figures include multiple parts, eg, 2A, 2B). The figure legend should be placed below each figure and should include descriptions of each figure part and identify the meaning of any symbols or arrows. Terms used for labels and in the legend must be consistent with those in the text. A CONSORT flow diagram should be included for all randomized clinical trials to illustrate the grouping and flow of patients.
Color will be used in the Journal where needed (eg, histology slides or surgical photographs). All other figures, such as bar graphs and charts, should be submitted in black and white.
Figures for papers accepted for publication must meet the image resolution requirements of the publisher, Sage Publications. Files for line-based drawings (no grayscale) should ideally be submitted in the format they were originally created; if submitting scanned versions, files should be 1200 dots per inch (dpi). Color photos should be submitted at 600 dpi and black-and-white photos at 300 dpi.
Charts and graphs can be submitted in the original form created (eg, Word, Excel, or PowerPoint). Photographs or scanned drawings embedded in Word or PowerPoint are not acceptable for publication.
All photographs of patients that disclose their identity must be accompanied by a signed photographic release granting permission for their likeness to be reproduced in the article. If this is not provided, the patient’s eyes must be occluded to prevent recognition.
For tables, the system accepts most common word processing formats. Tables should have a title that describes the content and purpose of the table. Tables should enhance, not duplicate, information in the text.
Use of supplementary video is encouraged. Videos may be submitted with a manuscript and, if approved by the editor, will be posted online with the article when published. Video submission is strongly encouraged for manuscripts reporting surgical, examination, or exercise techniques or injury mechanisms. For more information about the format requirements for videos, please review our Author Gateway instructions for supplemental material. For detailed information pertaining to copyright and permissions requirements, view the Video Permission and Fair Use Quick Guide. For videos with identifiable subjects, subjects will need to sign the Audio-Visual Likeness Release form. It is the author’s responsibility to submit signed release forms, if necessary, for each video.
Once an article is accepted and typeset, authors will be required to carefully read and correct their manuscript proofs that have been copyedited by the publisher. Any extensive changes made by authors on the proofs will be charged to authors at the rate of $2 a line. Authors are responsible for ordering reprints of their articles. Completed articles will be published on our website before print publication. No corrections can be made after online publication, including corrections to author names and affiliations. All corrections must be made at the proofing stage.
Authors of studies funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health can deposit a copy of their accepted final peer-reviewed manuscript and associated figure/table files (pre-typeset versions) to the NIH database after a 12-month embargo period from the time their article is published in AJSM.
Letters to the editor should be submitted online at https:// submit.ajsm.org. Use the link “Submit a Letter to the Editor” at the top of the page. Letters should include all authors’ names at the end of the body of the letter. The author disclosure form and contributor publishing agreement are required for letters to the editor. Letters will be sent to the author of the paper discussed for a reply.
8. Important Notice on Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement
AJSM and Sage take issues of copyright infringement, plagiarism or other breaches of best practice in publication very seriously. We seek to protect the rights of our authors and we always investigate claims of plagiarism or misuse of articles published in the journal. Equally, we seek to protect the reputation of the journal. Submitted articles may be checked using duplication-checking software. Where an article is found to have plagiarized other work or included third-party copyright material without permission or with insufficient acknowledgement, or where authorship of the article is contested, or where data or other information found to be incorrect