Virtual Research Methods
Four Volume Set
Edited by:
October 2012 | 1 616 pages | SAGE Publications Ltd
The new social contexts formed via the Internet, and the new forms of data made available by the increasing use of diverse forms of computer mediated communication, have challenged researchers to develop approaches which do them justice. At the same time, there has been concern that established principles should be preserved, and that the connection between virtual research methods and more conventional research approaches should not be rejected out of hand. Despite a number of handbooks and textbooks published in recent years there is still a dearth of authoritative works which offer comprehensive coverage of the virtual research methods available to social researchers. In particular, there is none which thoroughly explores the full range of virtual research methods and their antecedents, and which explores the methodological and epistemological ramifications of their development. This multivolume reference collection fills this gap.
The collection covers perspectives on the Internet as a social space; research models for the Internet and the skills, techniques and approaches needed to conduct research in a virtual environment; innovations in the research process and reflections on these innovations; and the ethical considerations to take into account when doing research on the Internet.
VOLUME ONE
PART ONE: PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNET AS SOCIAL SPACE
Lee Sproull and Sara Kiesler
Reducing Social Context Cues
Nancy Baym
The Emergence of Online Community
Barry Wellman and Milena Gulia
Virtual Communities as Communities
Kaveri Subrahmanyam and David Šmahel
Constructing Identity Online
ZeynepTufekci
Grooming, Gossip, Facebook and MySpace
Adam Joinson et al
Privacy, Trust and Self-Disclosure
Manuel Castells
Globalization, Networking, Urbanization
Eszter Hargittai
Minding the Digital Gap
Steve Jones
Fizz in the Field
PART TWO: RESEARCH SITES AND RESEARCH MODELS FOR THE INTERNET
Daniel Miller and Don
Conclusions
Christine Hine
Internet as Culture and Cultural Artefact
Allison Cavanagh
From Culture to Connection
Tom Boellstorff
A Typology of Ethnographic Scales for Virtual Worlds
Nicole Constable
Love at First Sight? Visual Images and Virtual Encounters with Bodies
Jenna Burrell
The Field Site as a Network
John Farnsworth and Terry Austrin
John Postill
Localizing the Internet beyond Communities and Networks
Luc Pauwels
Websites as Visual and Multimodal Cultural Expressions
VOLUME TWO
PART ONE : SKILLS, TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES 1: MODES OF ETHNOGRAPHIC ENGAGEMENT
Angela Cora Garcia et al
Ethnographic Approaches to the Internet and Computer-Mediated Communication
Dhiraj Murthy
Digital Ethnography
T.L.Taylor
Life in Virtual Worlds (American Behavioral Scientist 43(3): 436-449 [SAGE])
Vanessa Dirksen, Ard Huizing and Bas Smit
'Piling on Layers of Understanding'
David Feldon and Yasmin Kafai
Mixed Methods for Mixed Reality
Maximilian Forte
Co-Construction and Field Creation
Christine Hine
Towards Ethnography of Television on the Internet
Sarah Brotsky and David Giles
Inside the 'Pro-Ana' Community
PART TWO: SKILLS, TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES 2: REASEARCH RELATIONSHIPS
Michelle Kazmer and Bo Xie
Qualitative Interviewing in Internet Studies
Mark Davis et al
Reflecting on the Experience of Interviewing Online
Lokman Meho
E-Mail Interviewing in Qualitative Research
Nalita James and Hugh Busher
Credibility, Authenticity and Voice
Clare Madge and Henrietta O'Connor
Online with the E-Mums
Wendy Seymour
In the Flesh or Online? Exploring Qualitative Research Methodologies
Danielle Couch and Pranee Liamputtong
Online Dating and Mating
Kiek Tates et al
Online Focus Groups as a Tool to Collect Data in Hard-to-Include Populations
Fiona Fox, Marianne Morris and Nichola Rumsey
Doing Synchronous Online Focus Groups with Young People
Kate Stewart and Matthew Williams
Researching Online Populations
Keith Horvath, Blair Beadnell and Anne Bowen
A Daily Web Diary of the Sexual Experiences of Men Who Have Sex with Men
Nigel Fielding
Virtual Fieldwork Using Access Grid
VOLUME THREE
PART ONE: SKILLS, TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES 3: CORPUS-BASED APROACHES TO FOUND DATA
Maria Kopacz and Bessie Lee Lawton
The YouTube Indian
Kevin Harvey et al
'Am I Normal?' Teenagers, Sexual Health and the Internet
Clive Seale et al
Interviews and Internet Forums
Nicholas Hookway
'Entering the Blogosphere'
Christopher Weare and Wan-Ying Lin
Content Analysis of the World Wide Web
Gerlinde Mautner
Time to Get Wired
Niels Br gger
Website History and the Website as an Object of Study
PART TWO: SKILLS, TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES 4: NETWORK ANALYSIS
Mike Thelwall
Bibliometrics to Webometrics
Nancy Baym and Andrew Ledbetter
Tunes That Bind?
Chien-Leng Hsu and Han Woo Park
Sociology of Hyperlink Networks of Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Twitter
Richard Rogers and Noortje Marres
Landscaping Climate Change
Robert Ackland and Mathieu O'Neil
Online Collective Identity
PART THREE: SKILLS, TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES 5: EXPERIMENTS, SURVEYS AND SAMPLING
Michael Miner et al
Conducting Internet Research with the Transgender Population
Elizabeth Reed, Peter Simmonds and Jessica Corner
Surveying the Experience of Living with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Stéphane Ganassali
The Influence of the Design of Web Survey Questionnaires on the Quality of Responses
Paula Vicente and Elizabeth Reis
Using Questionnaire Design to Fight Non-Response Bias in Web Surveys
Tse-Hua Shih and Xitao Fan
Comparing Response Rates from Web and Mail Surveys
Ulf-Dietrich Reips
Virtual Experiments
Ulf-Dietrich Reips and John Krantz
True Experimental Data Collection on the Internet
VOLUME FOUR
PART ONE: INNOVATIONS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Diego Ponte and Judith Simon
Scholarly Communication 2.0
Silvana di Gregorio
Using Web 2.0 Tools for Qualitative Analysis
Alexander Halavais
Scholarly Blogging
Nina Wakeford and Kris Cohen
Field Notes in Public
Ralph Schroeder
E-Sciences as Research Technologies
PART TWO: ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Gunther Eysenbach and James Till
Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research on Internet Communities
Elizabeth Bassett and Kate O'Riordan
Ethics of Internet Research
David Wilkinson and Mike Thelwall
Researching Personal Information on the Public Web
Michael Zimmer
'But the Data Is Already Public'
James Hudson and Amy Bruckman
'Go away'
Annette Markham
Ethic as Method, Method as Ethic
PART THREE: REFLECTIONS ON INNOVATION
Jaap Denissen, Linus Neumann and Maarten van Zalk
How the Internet Is Changing the Implementation of Traditional Research Methods, People's Daily Lives and the Way in Which Developmental Scientists Conduct Research
Sonia Livingstone
The Challenge of Changing Audiences or, What Is the Audience Researcher to Do in the Age of the Internet
Laura Robinson and Jeremy Schulz
New Avenues for Sociological Inquiry
Dan Farrell and James Petersen
The Growth of Internet Research Methods and the Reluctant Sociologist
Anne Beaulieu
Mediating Ethnography
Don Dillman
Presidential Address
Richard Rogers
Internet Research
Monika B scher and John Urry
Mobile Methods and the Empirical